For instance, he highlights a War Department MAGIC report from August 11th, 1944, stating, “Foreign Minister Shigemitsu has instructed Ambassador Sato [in Moscow] to find out whether Russia is willing to assist in bringing about a negotiated peace” (p. 23). This quote demonstrates Japan’s efforts to explore diplomatic avenues for ending the war, thus giving context to the broader geopolitical dynamics at play. Furthermore, Alperovitz underscores the parameters of the unconditional surrender demanded by the Americans by referencing intercepted messages discussing Japan's war weariness and desire for peace negotiations. He mentions a report from September 26, where the British ambassador to the United States paraphrased a telegram from Sweden's minister in Tokyo, stating, "A speedy German collapse is expected, and it is not believed that Japan can then continue the war" (p. 24). This quote illustrates Japan's acknowledgment of its weakening position and its readiness to consider surrender under specific conditions, providing insight into the factors influencing Japan's decision-making