In addition, a decoy invasion was set up to attempt to deceive the Nazis. This was called Operation Fortitude and was led by U.S. General George Patton. Operation Fortitude involved the borrowing of equipment from Hollywood and British film studios to try to deceive the Germans into thinking the invasion would be at Pas-de-Calais, France. This strategic decoy worked, since General Erwin Rommel, commander of Nazi forces in France, kept nine of his eleven units in Pas-de-Calais instead of moving them to Normandy (1/2). All in all, the invasion was a success. Despite a stalemate, by late June, more than one million British and American troops were stationed in Normandy and were able to liberate France in late