Stanton was at the site and saw and felt the bomb fall (p.186). August Spies was at the site but did not witness the bomb but felt the explosion. Physically removed to Zepf’s Hall–not at the site–Albert Parsons was high enough to see the explosion of light (p.187). In the chaos and darkness, it was highly difficult to produce a straightforward story–regardless of whether one was a police officer, detective, newspaperman, laborer, or civilian. The emotions felt by witnesses in the moment–anger, fear, pain, shock, could also influence one’s perceptions of events. So soon after the American Civil War, men in crisis situations could respond differently–with clarity, confusion, or even PTSD. Regardless, when testimonies were brought forward, the police were more influential and trusted, and appeared to be the most wronged party (p.188). According to Green, it was the police version of what transpired in the Haymarket on May 4 that would “serve as the foundation for legal case law” when they prosecuted the laborers accused of the bombing (p. 188). Meanwhile “anarchists and supporters of the International, as well as others.not connected with the unions or the radical movement” would challenge the police narrative of events
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