The popular movement in both state and church during the fifteenth century had become nothing, the power of papacy had been neutralized, feudal privileges had been abolished, and dangerous rivals were destroyed until gaining the crown had become virtually the sole effective power in the nation. There was much tyranny and oppression but it was also true that individuals had been restrained, private wars had been abolished and a single system of royal justice had been established. Finally, a national independence was made safe. Machiavelli clearly saw that the church alone has prevented the union of Italy and having her seat there help the temporal power that neither had been strong enough to occupy entirely. Machiavelli believed that there must be one strong ruler able to apply intelligently and thoroughly the ways to effectively rule a