History Paper

Submitted By EdwardChu1

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The reason for Wang Mang’s interference of interregnum from 9 CE to 23 CE as to how the rebellion addressed problems in the Han society was because Wang Mang who made himself emperor at the time of the period he tried to curb the resurgent power of merchants and of the landowning gentry. Wang Mang also tried to extend new state controls over the economy, all in an effort to reestablish the egalitarianism he claimed to derive from the sage’s teachings. Landowning and it abuses were the problems for all ancient and medieval empires and were to remain a plague for every Chinese dynasty. Ownership of the land meant power, and the abolition of primogeniture did not always prevent powerful families’ from large blocks of land. Reformers in government periodically did tried to correct these abuses, as in Wang Mang’s reforms but imperial states never was able to overcome such power of the landed families. I think these problems were later resolved by the Han rulers. As mentioned in the book, the later Han produced some of the most famous generals in Chinese history, especially those who had repeated successes against the nomads on the northwest frontier (99). The Han successfully reasserted their own authority because after the first century all of the landlord power and oppression grew again. However, Wang Mang did have the right to try to curb them but in the end it didn’t seem like it. All of the peasants, revolts, and imperial relatives and powerful families grew back. The Han ultimately fell because it could not regain its control it once had of extending the new state controlling over the economy. It also was the cause because the loss of trade and revenue contributed to the fall of the dynasty, but the primary reason why the Han ultimately fell was because of self-destructive indulgence and factional fighting at court, as well as provincial rivalries.

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