Deinstitutionalization, or moving patients out of hospitals and into the community. This process took a few years, as communities were not entirely ready for those people who needed more advanced care. Medication also was revolutionized, as doctors turned away from medieval methods like strapping patients down to their beds or using electroshock therapy. Instead, medications like lithium for bipolar disorder and antipsychotics for schizophrenia helped patients act and behave “normally”, and hospital placement became unnecessary. This medical revolution also helped with deinstitutionalization as it helped patients back into their homes as the new medicine helped them function within society (“History Of Mental Health Treatment”). In Catcher In The Rye, Holden shows signs of depression, and if readers were to diagnose him with a specific type, it would be seasonal depression. His moods and mannerisms seem to change with the seasons, as he mentions happier times from earlier in the year (“Depression”). He has suicidal thoughts and several times throughout the book he mentions wanting to die. In chapter 14, Holden says, “What I really felt like, though, was committing suicide. I felt like jumping out the window. I probably would've done it, too, if I'd been sure somebody'd cover me up as soon as I landed. I didn't want a bunch of stupid rubbernecks looking at me when I was all gory.” (Salinger, J.D., The …show more content…
He has a strained relationship with his parents, and the only person in his immediate family that he seems to like is his sister, Phoebe. Holden has an older brother, D.B., who writes for Hollywood. Holden calls him a “prostitute” and a sell-out. As a result from him isolating himself from his own family, he returns home late at night after his escapades in New York only to talk to Phoebe for a few minutes. Holden also has no friends, and to reiterate, the only person outside his family that he does not talk badly about is Jane Gallagher, a pretty girl he used to take out. He never got along with his roommates, especially his last roommate at Pencey Prep, Stradlater, who took the aforementioned Jane out on a date. When Stradlater hinted at “giving Jane the time”, Holden went ballistic. He prefers to think of her as a girl who plays checkers incorrectly compared to a sexual being who is interested in dating and boys. And when he went on a date with former fling Sally Hayes, he treats her as though she is a little girl with pigtails on the playground. After his brother’s death, Holden was left with a juvenile mindset, basically he never grew up past that time. Holden fears growing up because he fears he will become like D.B. This could possibly lead to Holden's avoidance of adults. He tries to talk to adults so that he is heard and understood, however, when they don't understand him,