In 1727, the city of New Orleans built the first institution in America for neglected and homeless children. During that time and well into the nineteenth century, many of the neglected and delinquent youths were placed in jails, prisons, and almshouses with adults. The House of Refuge was set up in 1825 and located in New York City, it was the first separate institution with the sole purpose of aiding juvenile offenders but it also initiated a practice that was called “binding out” which meant placing delinquent children in foster homes. The Lyman School for Boys was created in Massachusetts as the first penal facility for children, in 1847, it became known as the worst institutions and training school in America to be closed in 1972 because of the massive failure and child brutality. World War I also imposed its military mentality on the youth correctional system. This type of influence is still used today in Texas and Arizona training schools. What I see while reading this book is that children are being neglected and still being incarcerated because of old legal laws, because of our national tradition of juvenile institutionalization, and the many other “social …show more content…
Today, Mason sits in the maximum security cell at San Quentin Prison located in northern California. Life Imprisonment for Delinquents: Walls of Illiteracy and IQ Testing, this part talks about how one test can affect a juveniles outcome and future. An IQ tests itself and how it discriminates against every segment of America but middle class white children. The WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) test was standardized in 1840 on 2,200 urban-rural white children Numerous teachers that wooden interviewed felt that truancy is not a school problem and that parents and children are solely responsible for school attendance. However, if a child experiences basic educational failure day after day, then it should be the schools responsibility to develop a moral and professional plan to help that child. It also says that Victims, of outdated laws, they, like generations before them fall prey to merciless class structures that almost insures learning as a failure, antisocial conduct and life behind walls of our juvenile and adult penal