Both policies have led to the mass dislocation and disintegration of traditional Indigenous governance and social institutions, resulting in loss of land, culture, and social unity (Bingham et al.). The impact of these colonial policies have resulted in high levels of health, social, mental, and physical challenges, which are affecting Indigenous communities at much higher rates than non-Indigenous people (Kidd et al.). The experience of colonialism and the resulting trauma, which has been passed down through generations, have resulted in significant health issues among Indigenous communities, specifically, higher rates of mental health disorders, substance use, and chronic disease (Bingham et al). These challenges are directly linked to the historical and ongoing effects of colonialism, highlighting the importance of policy measures that help Indigenous …show more content…
Reconnecting with cultural roots is crucial for Indigenous individuals' mental and emotional health (Thistle 34). Programs that emphasize reviving Indigenous cultural practices and reconnecting Indigenous populations, have been found to have a positive effect on the wellbeing of Indigenous peoples (Thistle 17). Examples of this are initiatives that incorporate traditional practices, language revitalization, and cultural education, that have been effective in promoting healing and reconciliation with Indigenous individuals, families, and communities (Leach 6). Systemic and Societal Barriers Indigenous peoples face entrenched racism and systemic discrimination in various aspects of their lives which include but are not limited to housing, healthcare, employment, and education (Thistle 26). These systemic barriers worsen the challenges of homelessness by making it increasingly difficult for Indigenous Peoples to access essential services as well as secure stable housing (Thistle