How Are Fear And Anxiety Different?

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Study Guide, Chapter 4
Note: This is but a guide. There may be questions on the exam that are not covered in this guide. All lectures, video clips and the text are fair game for the exam. READ YOUR BOOK. The best answers are answers you have found in the text.

1. How are fear and anxiety different?
Fear is in response to a serious threat while anxiety is in response to a vague threat
2. What class of mental disorders is the most common in the U.S.?
Anxiety disorders
3. What are the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? How common is it? Is it more common among men or women? The young or the elderly? How is frequency related to ethnicity?
Sleep disturbance, restless, irritability, fatigue. Common in western society, 3% of population show symptoms in a given year. 2 to 1 women to men. Usually appears in adolescence but more common in elderly. Related to income and poverty which is related to race.
4. Be familiar with the different perspectives (Socio cultural, Psychodynamic, etc) of the etiology of GAD. Also be familiar with the research supporting these perspectives.
Sociocultural- develop in people in dangerous social conditions psychodynamic- all children experience certain anxiety but can be overrun by neurotic or moral anxiety which sets the stage for GAD humanisitic- anxiety happens when people stop looking at themselves realistically and honestly.
Cognitive- dysfunctional ways of thinking, excessive worry slides 4-7
5. What is the metacognitive theory? The intolerance of uncertainty theory? Avoidance theory? Do the data support these theories? Do people with GAD recognize that their fears are extreme?
Slides 8-9

6. What is mindfulness based cognitive therapy? Acceptance and commitment therapy?
Slide 10
7. What neurotransmitter is believed to be associated with GAD? Do scientists believe it is this too much or too little of the neurotransmitter?
GABA is low
8. What medications are currently used to treat GAD? What other biological treatments can be used?
Slides 12-14
9. What are the symptoms of phobias (both specific and social)? How common are they? Are they more common among men or women? The young or the elderly? How is frequency related to ethnicity?
Slides 15-22 more common in women
10. How are specific and social phobias different?

11. Be familiar with the different perspectives (Socio cultural, Psychodynamic, etc) of the etiology of phobias. Also be familiar with whether the research supports these perspectives.

12. Be especially familiar with the behavioral perspective. Know what classical conditioning is and how it might related to phobias, as well as modeling and stimulus generalization. What is preparedness?
13. What is exposure treatment? How are flooding and systematic desensitization different? When might social skills training be implemented?
14. What are the symptoms of panic disorder? How common is it? Is it more common among men or women? The young or the elderly? How is frequency related to ethnicity?
Slides 23-27
15. Be familiar with the different perspectives (Socio cultural, Psychodynamic, etc) of the etiology of panic disorder. Also be familiar with whether the research supports these perspectives. Which phobia is commonly found with panic disorder?
Slides 28-30
16. What parts of the brain are thought to be related to panic disorder? What neurotransmitter?
17. Which drugs seem to help control panic disorder? What psychological treatments appear most helpful? What are biological challenge tests? Anxiety sensitivity?
18. What are the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)? How common is it? Is it more common among men or women? The young or the elderly? How is frequency related to ethnicity?
Slides 31-34
19. Be familiar with the different perspectives (Socio cultural, Psychodynamic, etc) of the etiology of OCD. Also be familiar with whether the research supports these perspectives.
Slides 35-42
20. What treatments are the most effective
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