The American Muslim Minister Malcolm X born Malcolm Little once stated that, “The solution to poverty is black self-government or Black Nationalism.” Huey Newton also known as Huey Long developed Malcolm X’s vision of Black Nationalism by recommending “complete control of the institutions in the community.” Newton the co-founder of the Black Panther Party endorsement was founded on the fact that the approach had worked for Ireland and Italy. However, the black community would need to develop cooperatively owned organizations, which did not exploit the workers. In addition, jobs in the black community were too few to achieve full employment. John Isbister book Promises Not Kept: Poverty and The Betrayal of Third -World Development brought
