Question 1
a. Cost of inventory purchased during 2012: $3,600,000 / 5,000 units = $720/unit
(don’t include selling commissions in inventory cost)
COGS = (5,000 x $720) + (1,000 x $400) = $4,000,000
b. Units available for sale = 5,000 (BI) + 5,000 (purchased) = 10,000
Units in EI = 10,000 - 6,000 (sold) = 4,000
EI = 4,000 x $720 = $2,880,000
Question 2
a. 2012 Index = EI at current prices
EI at base year prices
2012 Index = (450 x $3) + (1,200 x $6) = $8,550
(450 x $2) + (1,200 x $5) = $6,900
2012 Index = 1.24
b. Layer added in 2012 = 6,900 - 5,100 = $1,800
EI = 5,100 + (1,800 x 1.24) = $7,332
Question 3
a. 12/31/11 LIFO Reserve = 3,420,000 - 3,020,000 = 400,000
Cumulative difference between FIFO and LIFO = 400,000 x .40 = 160,000
$160,000 LESS tax paid since adoption of LIFO
b. 2011 COGS Effect = Change in LIFO Reserve during the current year
2011 COGS Effect = 400,000 - 450,000 = (50,000)
2011 pre-tax Income is $50,000 HIGHER because LIFO is used
c. Average tax benefit per year = 160,000 / 4 years = 40,000/year
Average cost of LIFO per year = 40,000 x (1 - .40) = 24,000/year
Assumptions:
Tax benefits stay the same or increase in the future. This is a reasonable assumption because the average annual benefit is likely understated due to the 2004 LIFO liquidation and inventory prices and quantities are expected to increase in the foreseeable future.
Incremental costs associated with LIFO stay the same or decrease in the future.
Incremental costs are tax deductible
Question 4
a.
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