Every person was tricked and manipulated by Iago and believed that it was another character's fault. The prime example would be Othello, Cassio, and Desdemona. Iago played Othello to hate Cassio and Desdemona by simple rumors and one piece of evidence: the handkerchief, which Iago stole. Iago's manipulation coincides with the Principle of Alternation, his trickery appears in both the main and the subplots. Not only does it appear but the plots interact with each other, for example Iago plays Cassio by telling him to get on Desdemona's good side while he tells Othello that Desdemona is becoming too ‘friendly’ with Cassio. Not at one point did Othello go and consult Cassio about the cheating, because Iago advised against it. Communication would be the downfall of Iago, if the characters communicated with each other Iago would easily be exposed. Multiple character were manipulated against each other as all apart of Iago's plan. But the lack of communication caused the downfall of all characters but especially Othello, Iago takes full responsibility of his trickery and