Information Systems Essay

Information systems
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Information system (IS) is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software (see information technology) that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data.[1][2][3]
The study bridges business and computer science using the theoretical foundations of information and computation to study various business models and related algorithmic processes within a computer science discipline.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Computer information system(s) (CIS) is a field studying computers and algorithmic processes, including their principles, their software and hardware designs, their applications, and their impact on society[15][16][17] while IS emphasizes functionality over design.[18]
Any specific information system aims to support operations, management and decision making.[19] In a broad sense, the term is used to refer not only to the information and communication technology (ICT) that an organization uses, but also to the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes.[20]
Some authors make a clear distinction between information systems, computer systems, and business processes. Information systems typically include an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing instead on the end use of information technology. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes.[21]
Alter[22][23] argues for advantages of viewing an information system as a special type of work system. A work system is a system in which humans and/or machines perform work (processes and activities) using resources to produce specific products and/or services for customers. An information system is a work system whose activities are devoted to processing (capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating and displaying) information.[24]
As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision making and action.
Information systems are the primary focus of study for organizational informatics.[25]
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Overview
3 The discipline of information systems
4 The impact on economic models
5 Differentiating IS from related disciplines
6 Types of information systems
7 Information systems career pathways
8 Information systems development
9 Information systems research
10 Components
11 See also
12 References
13 Further reading
14 External links
History[edit]

CS, SE, IS, IT, & Customer Venn Diagram where functionality spans left and design spans right stemming from discovery.[1][2][4]
The history of systems coincides with the history of computer science that began long before the modern discipline of computer science emerged in the twentieth century.[26] Regarding the circulation of information and ideas, numerous legacy information systems still exist today that are continuously updated to promote ethnographic approaches, to ensure data integrity, and to improve the social effectiveness & efficiency of the whole process.[13] In general, information systems are focused upon processing information within organizations, especially within business enterprises, and sharing the benefits with modern society.[27]
Overview[edit]

Silver et al. (1995) provided two views on IS that includes software, hardware, data, people, and procedures.[28] A second managerial view includes people, business processes and Information Systems. The Association for Computing Machinery defines "Information systems specialists [as] focus[ing] on integrating information technology solutions and business processes to

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