Maude, David T. Teachey, David L. Porter, and Stephan A. Grupp. They are all talking about how T- cell therapy works for ALL. “CAR T-cells have emerged as a powerful targeted immunotherapy in the relapsed or refractory cases that otherwise poorly respond to therapies” (paragraph 5). CARs stands for “chimeric antigen receptors.” When cancer is “relapsed” it means it has come back, which nobody wants to happen. Sadly, many people that are diagnosed with any cancer, not just ALL, have relapse periods. CARs were developed to eliminate risks of “graft-versus-host disease” associated with T-cells. It takes many challenges to effectively produce CARs. “CARs have been taken to the clinic, demonstrating very high response rates” (paragraph 5). Even though CARs is a very efficient, many challenges still remain. Doctors are making efforts to make these cells more widely