Involuntary Muscle Movement

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The research of muscle purpose based on the examination and analysis of electrical signals that emit from the muscles during voluntary or involuntary muscle contraction which controlled by the nervous system is known as electromyography (EMG) (Motion Lab Systems, Inc., 2009). The history of EMG can be dated back to 1666 when Francesco Redi documented about the generation of electricity from the highly specialized muscle of electric ray fish which started the development of EMG. The development was then continued by Walsh in 1733 which demonstrated that Eel fish muscle could generate electricity, Galvani in 1792 showed muscle contractions could be triggered by electric and Dubios-Raymond in 1849 discovered about the possibility of recording …show more content…
The research on the feature of the motor unit action potential in a duration and amplitude which help to diagnose neuromuscular pathology and determine the impromptu discharges of relaxed muscles and isolate single motor unit activity done by physiatrists and neurologists can be classified as clinical EMG or diagnostic EMG or Nerve Conduction EMG. On the other hand, the kinesiological EMG is mainly in the movement analysis in order to evaluate the relationship between muscular function with body segment movement and also examines the timing of muscle movement. There are many applications of EMG from clinically used for diagnosis of neurological and neuromuscular problems to research laboratories such as biofeedback or ergonomic assessment, motor control, movement disorder, posture control and etc. Phinyomark, Hu, Phukpattaranont and …show more content…
Reaz, Hussain and Yasin (2006) explained that a potential difference exists across the plasma membrane of a polarized nerve cell due to concentrations and ionic differences when the human body is in resting state. A muscle fiber must depolarize as a signal which generates an electric field near each muscle fiber travels along its surface and fiber twitches when responding to stimulus from the neuron. Therefore, the EMG signal can be known as Motor Unit Action Potential (MUAP) and represents the anatomical and physiological properties of muscle which appears random and indicates the muscle feedback to neural stimulation. The motor unit is the brain’s smallest functional unit of force development control whereby five to few thousands of muscle fibers can be a single motor unit while a single muscle can have many motor units of different fiber types consists of slow or fast
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