There are three types of irony in literature: verbal irony, when an author says one thing and means something else; dramatic irony, when an audience perceives something that a character in the literature does not know; and irony of situation, when there is a discrepancy between the expected result and the actual result. Three poems that are good examples of the uses of these forms of irony are: “Ozymandias”, by Percy Bysshe Shelley, which uses dramatic irony; “Titanic”, by David R. Slavitt, which illustrates irony of situation; and “Much Madness is divinest Sense— “, by Emily Dickinson, which illustrates verbal irony.
In “Ozymandias”, a speaker, possibly the author, though this is not made explicitly clear, describes a conversation …show more content…
The poem continues by saying that, if one agrees with the majority, they can be considered sane, but if one is different, they must be dealt with by the majority. The irony of this poem lies in the fact that the author is not seriously saying that society approves of unstable, insane people and is against people with sense and wisdom; she is using the poem to prove the point of how judgmental people can be of other people who are different and harmless. There is a distinct possibility that this poem coincides with the fact that Emily Dickinson was a recluse and, in her day, reclusive people with reclusive lifestyles were considered eccentric and strange. Therefore, this poem could be a reference to her possible treatment by some people who did not understand her and just assumed that she was strange. One particular example that could indicate of this possible treatment by some people is how she was sometimes known as the “partially cracked poetess of Amherst.” (Dickinson 1058). Credit for this term is given to both Thomas Wentworth Higginson, his wife, and the public in general; the intention behind this term is also not clear, but, whether a joke, a term of affection based on her reclusive lifestyle, or a mild insult, this term shows how some people could view recluses in Emily Dickinson’s