Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located on the Big island of Hawaii. It includes the National Historic Landmarked archaeological site known as the Honokōhau Settlement. The park was established on November 10, 1978. Kaloko-Honokohau has both a marine and land environment. Kaloko's marine environment has inshore and offshore zones. The inshore zone has a shallow subzone which extends from narrow sand beaches, through the tidal areas, and into the shallow gradual reef areas down to 12 m depths. This subzone extends only 122 m out from the coast. Kaloko's terrestrial environment extends 7.7 miles, from the basalt shoreline to the 1,829 m elevation of Hualalai. This area encompasses ca. 15 km2…show more content… There is one exception, the 1800 Ka'upulehu flow from Hualalai which extended down to the 701 m elevation. The incline is exceptionally gradual near the sea.
In the national park, there are ancient structures and artifacts of native Hawaiian’s. The best preserved artifacts are made of stone. Stones were used and med into fishing lures, weights, game stones, ancient food processors (poi pounders), weapons, bowls and many different types of products. Perhaps the most commonly recognized stone artifact is the poi pounder. Stones were also used for weights and anchors.
In the Honokōhau Area, there were numerous findings of paved footpaths, rock shelters, walls, scattered graves, monumental ahu, a burial ground, walled enclosures, platforms, and the holua. They also found numerous petroglyphs depicting figures and objects common in prehistoric Hawai'i as well as Western motifs such as European ships and rifles. The survey showed big use of the available land, including placement of shelters and burials on the rugged a'a beds and of crude shelters as…show more content… They used resources such as, fish traps, Heiau (said to be the place of worship), grave sites, trail systems, and Ahu (bathing pool). 'Ai'opio Fishtrap is almost two acres in size and roughly circular in shape. Its seaward side is separated from the ocean by a manmade stone wall, while the other sides are bordered by rocky lava headlands and the sandy beach. Fish entered the pond at high tide through a narrow channel in the seawall. Four rectangular walled enclosures within the pond along the shoreline were probably used either as holding pens for netted fish or as lanes in which the fish were netted. 'Ai'opio might have played a supporting role in the organization of 'Aimakapa Fishpond. This fishpond most likely provided their fish supply. House sites can be seen around the pond area. There are large concrete salt pans and the remains of frame houses more inland, indicating occupancy of this area into the 20th century. Other important resources within the park and nearby area are the several heiau located between Wawahiwa'a Point in Kohanaiki and the Alula Bay area in Kealakehe, The two most important of these are Maka'opio (Hale-o-Lono) on Alula Bay and Pu'u'oina (Hale-o-Mano) south of 'Ai'opio Fishtrap. Maka'opio Heiau was the fisherman's heiau. This is a low rectangular floor built out into a shallow but ponded area. Its features that stand out the most are two great upright stone slabs, that are over six feet
