You have probably noticed that if you look at a surface outside on a rainy day or spill some water inside, the liquid tends to form droplets that stick up from a surface instead of spreading out into an even sheet. This occurs because water is made up of many tiny molecules that are all attracted to one another. Molecules in the middle of a drop of water are pulled evenly in all directions by all the nearby molecules. Those near the droplet’s surface, however, are pulled mostly inward by the water molecules below them. This creates "surface tension." …show more content…
How big does the drop on the penny get before it finally spills over the edges?
Once the drop spills over the penny’s edge, use a towel to completely dry off the penny and surrounding surface. How many drops of water were you able to add before the water ran over the penny’s sides?
Mix a small amount of dish soap with your tap water.
Now, repeat the experiment using soapy water. Do you think you will be able to add more drops or less before the liquid spills over the sides of the penny? Again, slowly add one drop at a time. How big does the drop of water on top of the penny get before it breaks and flows over the edges?
Extra: Try the experiment with different liquids or other things you can find in your kitchen. (Make sure you have an adult's approval to use any liquids before you handle them.) How do different soaps and detergents like hand soap or laundry detergent compare with one another? What about other liquids like milk or juice? Which ones make the biggest (or smallest) drops? With the most or least number of drops?
Extra: Try using something other than a penny to collect the droplets. What happens if you use different materials, such as the flat top of a small plastic bottle cap or a button?
Observations and