She lived entirely with independent, intelligent women; her mother [widowed], grandmother, and great-grandmother (Massie). Utilizing the change of perspective that Edna encounters as the novel progresses, Chopin seeks to emphasize various manners in which a female could retain independence regardless of societal expectation. To reinforce this idea, the author depicts Mrs. Pontellier’s as self-motivated in her removal from those around her; although this still addresses consequences associated with personal desolation in the novel, it also expresses a sense of empowerment that comes with self-exploration (Massie). Therefore, The Awakening reflects the elements of literary understanding associated with the time period to a great extent because Chopin unequivocally contrasts those philosophies. She accomplishes this through a characterization of Edna’s desires and societal limitations for independence as a human