Ketamine Research Paper

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History. For 63 years ketamine has been administered across a spectrum uses in the medical felid, including veterinary and human; ketamine is being used in the Emergency departments and is now making the jump into pre-hospital care. It is the short-term usages that have spiked an interest of the pre-hospital care provider, with ketamine being used for mild pain control and chemical restraint to complete sedation. Ketamine is simple to administer and dose, relatively safe, and with its fast onset for field use. Due to its broad usage and mechanisms of action, this is just one more tool of many to be an excellent aid in the field.

Mechanism of Action. Synthesized in 1962 ketamine is an American pharmaceutical created by scientist Calvin …show more content…
One of and probably most talked about effects of ketamine is hallucinations, this may occur in certain lower dose ranges. The dose for surgical sedation is twenty times higher than the dose for hallucinations, because of this hallucinations manly happen when the patient comes out of sedation. The dose for pain control and the hallucinogenic effect are very close. The wear off of ketamine and going though this effect is called an emergence effect and this may cause mood alterations, vivid dreams, floating sensation, along with the hallucinations, this can be unpleasant or pleasant. The good thing about all if this is that in prehospital doses the emergency department is the ones who typically deal with this aspect of it, if out in the felid and the provider does have to manage this a dose of a benzodiazepine is appropriate. Not all patients deal with this, but studies have shown that it is common in patients that are women, over sixteen, receive larger doses or rapid administration. Other side effects of ketamine are intraocular pressure, double vision, and nystagmus. Some patients that have been sedated may have eyes wide open with a glazed expression, also patients who were once wide awake and talking may suddenly become …show more content…
Like stated above ketamine may increase intraocular pressure because of this be careful when giving it to patients with an acute globe injury or glaucoma. Providers should also use caution when giving ketamine to patients who are intoxicated or known chronic alcoholics, because the drug binds to the N-methyl-D-aspartate and ethanol inhibits it as-well. The provide should call medical control when using ketamine on patients who already are hallucinating, schizophrenic, hypertensive, alcoholics, intoxicated, and of course pregnant patients, as stated before ketamine is a pregnancy category C drug. Ketamine is a great consideration for patients who are in so much pain that the doses of pain drug we give would be ineffective by the amount of opioid we carry in the drug box as in patients with burns, multiple fractures, or the amount of opioid we would give would cause respiratory suppression. Ketamine also stimulates and releases catecholamines, this makes it an appropriate tool for patients in shock with
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