Lit Review Essay

Submitted By BradNielson1
Words: 7064
Pages: 29
Open Document
12/15/12

Sample Literature Review

Sample Literature Review
Sampl e Literature Review in Pol itic al Sc ienc e

Formal Constitutional Scholarship on the
American Presidency: A Literature Review
A literature review (also known as a literature survey or bibliographic essay) is a common assignment across the disciplines.
For more information on how to approach this task, see our handout on Writing Literature Reviews.
For over three decades, scholarship on the American presidency has taken place beneath the shadow of Richard
Neustadt's Presidential Power [1] , first published in 1960 and periodically updated since that time. Neustadt's book can be seen to also exist beneath a larger shadow cast by the developing notion of a modern presidency that dated from the administration of Franklin Roosevelt and that represented a transformation from the previous, more traditional presidency.
[2] This modern presidency recognized the informal leadership powers of the president and argued that these powers overshadowed the formal constitutional powers of the traditional presidency, and that they were especially necessary for effective government. Neustadt's book also displaced Edward S. Corwin's The President: Offices and Powers as the dominant work in presidential scholarship. Corwin describes his work as "primarily a study in American public law," and its central theme as "the development and contemporary status of presidential power and of the presidential office under the
Constitution" which did not ignore "the personal and political aspects of the subject." [3] Neustadt explicitly rejects this approach, defining his theme rather as "personal power and its politics: what it is, how to get it, how to keep it, how to lose it," and further declaring "this is not a book about the Presidency as an organization or as legal powers or as precedents or as procedures.” [4] Neustadt's approach represents a fundamental shift of emphasis in scholarship on the presidency and it has had a profound influence on subsequent scholarship. [5]
This emphasis on presidential power floundered under the perceived irresponsible usurpations of power evidenced in
Lyndon Johnson's Vietnam policy and Richard Nixon's campaign irregularities that resulted in the Watergate break-in by people associated with his White House and campaign organizations. Scholarship on the presidency began to seek an antidote to uncontrolled presidential power, which eventually led back to the Constitution. This paper will consider some of the scholarship of the past fifteen years that represents a return to the Constitution as a primary source of presidential power and authority. It will also address some of the alternative viewpoints as well as critiques and some derivative scholarship. As a focal point, I have chosen an essay by Joseph M. Bessette and Jeffrey Tulis, "The Constitution, Politics, and the Presidency," and scholarship that has followed from that essay as well as closely associated efforts. Bessette and Tulis' essay provides a clearly stated review of recent presidential scholarship as well as a foundation for rehabilitating the Constitution as a continuing source of political and legal guidance for the American presidency within the framework of constitutional separation of powers. They hark back to Corwin and his public law approach to presidential scholarship, but theirs is not simply a restatement of Corwin. Instead, Bessette and Tulis encourage a re-combining of the then divergent legal and political approaches to study of the presidency, a joining that recognizes the legal limitations upon the office while at the same time acknowledging the political range of activities available to the President, some of them even extra-legal when necessity dictates, that are built into the Constitution and operate daily through the doctrine of separation of powers. [6] This essay, while perhaps not the source of a significant body of
Show More

Related Documents: Lit Review Essay

Essay on Review Lit

Review Lit The vanishing hitchhiker is interesting to me because I’ve always been interested in ghost stories. I remember back in middle school my friends and me would always talk about all kinds of ghost stories. In high school one of my friends had told me how a little girl would stand on the side of the street and people would stop and let her in their car. Then she would ask you “can you drop her off at her house”. When you drive across the bridge she disappears or she disappears when you…

Words 519 - Pages 3

Lit Review Essay

Literature Review: Individual and Organizational Challenges of Diversity in Human Resource Development HURD 601 October 22, 2013 Introduction Diversity is defined as similarities and differences among employees in terms of age, cultural background, physical abilities and disabilities, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation. It has received increasing attention in the professional literature of many fields throughout the years. Furthermore…

Words 1483 - Pages 6

Essay Lit Review V2

music as an atmospheric influences buying behaviour in a retail environment Introduction This study aims to explore the impact of background/atmospheric music on consumers’ buying behaviour when in a retail environment. This paper will be based on a review of studies and journals that have an insight into this topic of research in particular. Psychologist Robert S Woodworth created the stimulus, organism, response (SOR) model which states that different stimuli can generate certain responses depending…

Words 2559 - Pages 11

Essay on Gm Lit Review

INTRODUCTION Change is a consistent phenomenon in every aspect of a human life. It can be personal or professional and is inevitable. Change could be an argument for some people and they wouldn’t know how to deal with it. Changes in organisation can also be stressful because they need to accommodate the changes without affecting the performance of the employees which depends on the performance of the organisation as a whole. Globalisation has been one of the major issues for changes in the organisations…

Words 1533 - Pages 7

LIT REVIEW SPIDERS AND SCORPIONS Essay

Contrasting the behaviors of Spiders and Scorpions Organism A: Portia Fimbrata aka fringed jumping spider; Organism B: Pandinus Imperator aka Emperor Scorpion Jorge Valdivia PID: 3710395 U01 Jose Roble Scorpion and Spiders at first sight are seen as extremely similar organisms. This is far from the truth as the species are worlds apart. Each one has their own unique neurotoxins and behaviors, such as the Portia Fimbrata (Jumping Spider) and Pandinus Imperator (Emperor Scorpion). They are…

Words 1398 - Pages 6

Research Methods Lit Review Essay

Introduction On August 24, 1922 the lives of Diane and Dominique Levesque had changed forever, giving birth to the founder of the Parti Quebecois, a reporter and a minister of the government of Quebec, Rene Levesque was a man of great tact and strong capability to defend his ideal morals and beliefs. He was a man who showed great integrity, perseverance, and leadership to those around him. He has marked history for certain people and has lead Quebec to become as modern and as open to the world as…

Words 1283 - Pages 6

Essay about Special Education lit Review

ELL Literature Review ELL Literature Review Today, schools in the United States are experiencing a swiftly growing number of students that are English Language Learners (ELLs). National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition reports that by 2015 the number of ELL students enrolled in U.S. schools will be 10 million and by 2025, 25% of the average school population will be ELL students. Part of the significant increase in the number of ELL students is a result of generations not acquiring…

Words 4286 - Pages 18

Essay about Civil Rights Movement

change itself. What does he say goal of civil rights movement was? How does it relate to Obamas emergence? Intro: one sentence why this should be studied. Preview sentence: what you’re going to do in the paper. End with thesis. Lit Review: synthesize existing lit Background: of topic and text. Body & Conclusion. DIVERGENT RESPONSES TO THE AGE OF OBAMA Helping or hurting? Intro: A. Century after slavery was…

Words 345 - Pages 2

Essay about Statisitcal report writing for sociology students

Statistical Report Writing for Sociology Students Report Structure The report must include the following:  Table of contents  Abstract (optional)  Introduction  Lit Review  Methodology  Findings/ Discussion  Conclusion & Recommendations  References  Appendix (i.e. copy of your survey, interview schedule, coding tables, transcripts, etc.) Abstract  150 – 250 words  The research objectives  Study Design  Type of analysis (case study/policy document/blog/media/web…

Words 357 - Pages 2

FRA Coursehandbook FINAL Essay

for writing assignments, etc 6-8 City Lit Policies and Procedures 9-11 Recommended Reading 12 C&G Assignment Assessment Criteria 13-17 Pro forma 18-23 Contacts Centre for Teacher and Management Training, City Lit Course tutor Jennie Kitteringham 077 46 22 98 36 jenniekitteringham@yahoo.co.uk Administrator, City Lit Mary La-Touche 020 7492 2537 Mary La-Touche@citylit.ac.uk FRA/City Lit Liaison Wendy Moss 020 7492 2533 Wendy…

Words 3861 - Pages 16