cummings suggests that many people use their jingoism and xenophobia to justify their wars and killings of innocent people. cummings supports his claim by depicting a scenario of a nervous, unconfident man rambling phrases about our country's greatness, who then trails off and speaks his own person truths of how terrible war is. The authors purpose is to highlight and illuminate these issues so that these people who are like the speaker will realize the terrible monstrosities and situations that soldiers and their enemies are forced into. cummings laments to his audience of normal people, the message being directed to politicians or people in positions of making wartime decisions, by using tone and