2.) According to the book, restructuring means the downsizing an organization by eliminating the jobs of large numbers of top, middle, and first-line managers and non-managerial employees. This shrinking of the business/organization is done to lower operating costs because the business/organization’s revenue has decreased on account of their customers spending less money. The business may dismiss employees, eliminate departments, or even close some of its locations. A business attempting to downsize may also outsource some of their operations out of the country to save money. Modern technology’s ability to improve efficiency has also increased the amount of downsizing in recent years because new IT innovations makes it possible for fewer employees to perform a given task. A positive to an organization restructuring is downsizing may decrease the business’ operational costs. Also, when a business eliminates layers of management during its restructuring, communication and decision making may often improve due to the elimination of bureaucracy. New advances in IT may also make records become more accurate and