Common types of measurements. Decibles – Attenuation – Loss of signal.Chromatic Dispersion- The spreading of a particular light pulse because of the varying refraction rates of the different colored wave-lengths. Different wavelengths travel along an optical medium at different speeds. Wavelengths reach the end of the medium at different times, causing the light pulse to spread. This chromatic dispersion is expressed in picoseconds per kilometer per nanometer ( of band-width). It is the sum of material and waveguide dispersions. Propagation Delay – The difference in time between when a signal is trans-mitted and when it is received.Delay Skew - The difference in propagation delay between the fastest and slowest pair in a cable or cabling system. See Chapter 1 for more information on delay skew.
Organizations- ANSI, America Nations Standards Institute –1918, 5 engineering societies, 3 government agencies, over 1400 private companies, It encourages voluntary compliances, with adopted standards and methods. EIA, Electronic Industries Alliance, 1924, manufactures consortium, electronics sectors: components, consumer electronics, electronic information, industrial electronics,