In North American universities and colleges, the tenure track has long been a defining feature of employment. However, it is becoming less than universal.[3][4] In North American universities, positions that carry tenure, or the opportunity to attain tenure, have grown more slowly than non-tenure-track positions, leading to a large "academic underclass".[5] For example, most U.S. universities currently supplement the work of tenured professors with the services of non-tenured adjunct professors, academics who teach classes for lower wages and fewer employment benefits under relatively short-term contracts. There is also a discrepancy when it comes to who attains tenure; since 1989 only 40% of women faculty members held tenured positions, compared to 65% of their male colleagues.[6]-- so is this
In 1940, the AAUP recommended that the academic tenure probationary period be seven years—still the current norm.[8] It also suggested that a tenured professor could