Muscular Necrosis Research Paper

Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a disease where there is cellular death of bone components due to an interruption of the blood supply. It is a disease documented in several bones throughout the human body and most commonly affects the femoral head . AVN of the carpal bones is a rare condition that most commonly involves the lunate and the scaphoid . The lunate bone is a carpal bone in the human hand, it is one of the eight small carpal bones in the human wrist. The scaphoid bone makes up the carpal bones. Avascular necrosis (AVN) is often idiopathic and has an incidence of 3/100 000. The prevalence is much higher however in patients who have received steroid therapy such as leukaemia survivors, who have an …show more content…
However , it is most common between the ages of 30 and 60. As many as 20,000 people develop AVN each year. For healthy people, the risk of AVN is small. Most cases are the result of an underlying health problem or injury.Avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) has been reported to occur in patients who have received steroid treatment for underlying diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease, and also for immunosuppression after organ transplants. Femoral head ischemia results in the death of marrow and osteocytes and usually results in the collapse of the necrotic segment. The natural history of untreated Avascular necrosis of femoral head generally involves a progressive collapse that often requires surgical treatments. Most of the time it is the anterolateral region of the femoral head that is affected but no area is necessarily …show more content…
The older the patients, the less the chance of revascularization. The earliest sign of this mechanical failure is the crescent sign, which represents separation of the subchondral plate from the underlying necrotic cancellous bone. After the femoral head has collapsed, most patients have clinical progression resulting in the need for a total hip replacement . The pathophysiology of avascular necrosis of the femoral head has not been completely accounted for. In some patients there has clearly been a direct cause (trauma, radiation,..), while in others the pathophysiology is still uncertain. Early radiographic findings in femoral head AVN include femoral head lucency and subchondral sclerosis. With disease progression , subchondral collapse and femoral head flattening become evident radiographically. Joint space narrowing is the end result of untreated femoral head AVN. Many people have no symptoms in the early stages of avascular

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