Organum type of medieval polyphony. Practice of adding new voice to chant
Discant: Polyphonic style with strict mensural meter in all three voices
Clausula: sections
Substitute clausula eplacement sections (to change update old clausula)
Mass Ordinary The texts sung regularly at each service. Ie: - Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus and Benedictus, Agnus dei
Mass Proper Those texts that changes according to the saint or season being celebrated ie: Introit, Gradual or Alleluia, Alleluia or tract, Offertory, Tract
Voice exchange vocal lines from one voice part repeat in another
Cantus Firmus: a pre-existing melody forming the basis of a polyphonic composition
Renaissance (approx) 1450-1600 Revival of classical (roman/Greek) ideas and stability
Florid OrganumLike Free Organum but in sustained note (tenor) melismatic style
Motet: polyphonic composition based sacred text. Upper voice (duplum) gets its own words (often vernacular)
Contenance Angloise: Literally: “English style” practice of making phrases on triads and inversions with 3rds and 6ths
Chanson: (literally: Song) French lyric composition. French polyphonic composition that lasted from the late Middle Ages to the renaissance. Princely Court (Burgundy) songs (renaissance)
Troubadours, Trouveres Lyric poets or poet-musicians of France (12th-13th cent)
Form Fixes- French poem forms captured in musical form ie:
Rondeau (A, B, A, C, A) English: Roundelay 'circular' implying circular dancing to pieces that are sung/performed for.
Virelai: (14th-15th cent): A, B, B, A,
Ballade in the 14th-15th cent: 1-1-2
Madrigal Italian expressive polyphonic composition that uses word-painting aka Madrigalisms and is often through composed
Seconde Prattica- Practice of making music more emotionally expressive (subsequently ignoring prima prattica)
Stile Representativo Dramatically represented/acted out (like in an opera)
Concertato: concertato style, Italian stile concertato, musical style characterized by the interaction of two or more groups of instruments or voices. The term is derived from the Italian concertare, “concerted,” which implies that a heterogeneous group of performers is brought together in a harmonious ensemble
Basso Continuo is an instrumental bass line, which runs throughout a piece, over which the player improvises (‘realizes’) a chordal accompaniment. The bass may be figured, with accidentals and numerals (‘figures’) placed over or under it to indicate the harmonies required.
Enstinpees: medieval dance music
Lute Most popular solo instrument. Used to be played with plectrum but then with fingers. Other lutes of higher or lower pitch range were for accompaniment
Viol: Same family as violin. Most likely to be used in consort and was more serious than the violin back then
Flute (ren) one-piece wooden flute with holes instead of keys
Oboe (ren) (Shawn) double reed
Sackbut: Trombone of renaissance era
Cornett: made out of leather, wood and brass mouth piece
Harpsichord
Organ: Smaller than organs today
Vihuela From Spain, like a lute (but resembles a guitar more closely) and is tuned in fourths
Canzona Instrumental imitation of a chanson
Variation sets: part of structure of early abstract music. Variations often based off Ground bass/ dumpe (musical chord themes used as subject for variations). Ex: Romanesca, Folia and Passamezzo. Commonly used variation: Diminution
Basse dance Low slow stately dance
Pavane Slow stately dance that has three parts and is in duple time
Galliiard Faster, livelier dance in triple time (may have three parts) tends to be rhythmically ambiguous.
Intabulation Vocal music arranged for instrumentation
Symphony/Symphoniae (early definition): sounding together
Sonata (piane forte) (early definition): instrumental sound. In the late 17th century were mostly diversional (not functional). Was primarily an Italian form. Tended to be
