After homogenizing the participants, they were randomly assigned to treatment conditions as follows:
Group 1: received instruction through visualization
Group2: received instruction through lexical awareness
Group 3: received instruction through game.
Group 4: received instruction through storytelling. In the next step, a pretest of idioms consisting a list of 150 idioms was administered to all groups to check the participants' prior knowledge of the target idioms. After correcting the pretests of all groups, the researcher excluded the familiar idioms from the post tests. Then treatment began. In the visualization group, the following activities were carried out during the teaching/learning process: The…show more content… In group 3, the participants received instruction through game. In this study, the researcher employed Emoji Game and Word Puzzle. In Emoji game, the teacher brought a picture to the classroom and asked the students to guess the idiom it illustrated. They had opportunities to ask questions. In word puzzle, the teacher gave some information about the target idiom to the participants, then she presented the components of the idiom to the class, and they were expected to find the idiom like solving a puzzle. In group 4, the participants received instruction through storytelling. The teacher brought pictures of the story activities into the class. In order to prepare students for the activity, she showed the pictures to the class and asked them to guess what the story was about, and who the main characters were. Using the pictures, the teacher told the story orally to the students using mimes, gestures, and facial expressions. The teacher retold the story together with the students. She showed pictures of some scenes from the story and asked the students to retell the story. Then, the teacher asked the students to do the exercises such as filling the blanks, putting the story into the right order. By doing these activities, the teacher emphasized the target idioms. Finally, the teacher divided the class into four groups, and each group told the
