PIN 9(RS): A logic one on this pin disables the microcontroller and clears the contents of most registers. In other words, the positive voltage on this pin resets the microcontroller. By applying logic zero to this pin, the program starts execution from the beginning.
PINS 10-17(PORT 3): Similar to port 1, each of these pins can serve as general input or output. Besides, all of them have alternative functions:
PIN 10(RXD): Serial asynchronous communication input or Serial synchronous communication output
PIN 11(TXD): Serial asynchronous communication output or Serial synchronous communication clock output.
PIN 12(INT0): Interrupt 0 input.
PIN 13(INT1): Interrupt 1 …show more content…
PIN 18, 19 (X2, XI): Internal oscillator input and output. A quartz crystal which specifies operating frequency is usually connected to these pins. Instead of it, miniature ceramics resonators can also be used for frequency stability [1].
PIN 20(GND): Ground.
PIN 21-28(PORT 2): If there is no intention to use external memory then these port pins are configured as general inputs/outputs. In case external memory is used, the higher address byte, i.e. addresses A8-A15 will appear on this port.
PIN 29(PSEN): If external ROM is used for storing program then a logic zero (0) appears on it every time the microcontroller reads a byte from memory.
PIN 30(ALE): Prior to reading from external memory, the microcontroller puts the lower address byte (A0-A7) on P0 and activates the ALE output. After receiving signal from the ALE pin, the external register memorizes the state of P0 and uses it as a memory chip address. Immediately after that, the ALU pin is returned its previous logic state and P0 is now used as a Data Bus. As seen, port data multiplexing is performed by means of only one additional (and cheap) integrated circuit. In other words, this port is used for both data and address