Essay on Nutrition: Nutrition and Energy Yielding Nutrients

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Macronutrients * Energy Yielding Nutrients * Relatively Large Molecules * CHO, Fat, PRO * All the body’s activities are fueled by the energy-yielding nutrients: CHO, Fat, and PRO
Metabolism: the process by which nutrients are broken down to yield energy or rearranged into body structure.
Micronutrients
* Non Energy Yielding Nutrients * Vitamins, Minerals, and Water
Inorganic
* Not containing Carbon or pertaining to living things Ex: Minerals and Water ( Hydrogen, Oxygen and Minerals)
Organic
* Containing carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-hydrogen bonds, “alive” Ex: CHO, Lipids, PRO, Vitamins ( Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen )
Functional Foods * Foods that contain physiologically active compounds that provide health benefits beyond their nutrient compositions * Whole, modified and fortified * Oatmeal has shown to lower LDL cholesterol levels * Margarine made with plant sterols that lower cholesterol * Orange juice fortified with calcium to help increase strong bones

Kcalories
CHO: 4 kcal per gram
PRO: 4kcal per gram
Fat: 9 kcal per gram
Alcohol: 7 kcal per gram
% kcalories from food
Example:
Whole Milk has
13g of CHO 13g x 4kcal= 52 kcals
8g of PRO 8g x 4kcal= 32 kcals
8g of Fat 8g x 9kcal= 72 kcals = 156 kcals
52 kcals CHO / 156 total kcals =.33 x 100 = 33%
32 kcals PRO / 156 total kcals = .21 x 100 = 21%
72 kcals Fat / 156 total kcals = .46 x 100 = 46%
Double Blind Experiment: researchers and subjects do not know which subjects are members of the experimental group
Anthropometric Data: Height, Weight, Head Circumference, Body Max Index
Historical Information: Socioeconomic History, Drug History, Diet History, 24 hour Recall, Usual Intake, Food Record, and Food Frequency questionnaire)
Laboratory Tests: Blood and Urine tests used to indicate signs of deficiency/ toxicity
Physical Examination: Observe Lean body tissue, over fatness, signs of deficiency/ toxicity
Adequate Intake (AI): reflects the average amount of nutrient that a group of healthy people consumes (Used when there is insufficient evidence to determine RDA)
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA): average daily amount of nutrient considered adequate to meet the nutrient needs of nearly all healthy people (98% of the population)
Tolerable Upper Limit: the max amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people
Estimated Average Requirement (EER): average
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