In this first reference Odysseus makes to his wife, there is no interest in her welfare; she is merely the guardian of his son and of his property. He is as little concerned about her for her own sake as if she had been another prize in his cache. When Odysseus refers to Laertes and Telemachus, he questions if they still retain honor, but does not include Penelope in this referral, because Penelope possesses no honor. Just as Telemachus receives the gilded bowl from Menelaus, material possession is one of the highest forms of honor one can receive in The Odyssey, and Penelope is likened to a possession that brings honor to Odysseus. Adversely, Odysseus’s steadfast love for Ithaca pervades much of his