In the article, “Moral Courage and Intelligent Disobedience,” the authors Ted Thomas and Ira Chaleff discuss the critical application of moral courage and knowing when and how to disobey once it is justified, which they claim to be thought of as intelligent disobedience. “Courage is the first of human qualities because it is the quality which guarantees the others,” (Aristotle qt. in Thomas and Chaleff 1). Their definition of moral courage also includes denouncing injustice and defying immoral or imprudent orders. They further go into detail about upholding moral values. The article also touches on the importance of physical courage. “. physical courage requires the act of facing grave bodily harm and death, and perhaps even spiritual courage to sacrifice themselves for their beliefs.” (Thomas and Chaleff 2). Many natives, similar to Emma Cobell, have fought for and used both mental and physical courage to fight for their land rights. Their advocacy for rights has paid off and the government is continuing to make