Pain management is best utilized with opioids. Studies had shown that the drugs are commonly best given to patients who have terminal cases of illnesses such as cancer. Researchers and doctors viewed these drugs as commonly used for palliative care. The therapy has shown effectiveness as it reduces anxiety as well distress experienced by the patient. There have been also conflicting ethical issues brought by opioids used in palliative care. The practice has been seen as slow euthanasia or terminal sedation (Billings & Block, 1996) because it shortens the …show more content…
Manipulation of the opioid system plays a central part in modulating mood and well-being is highly believed to be modified by endogenous opioids that are used in drug abuse. The system is easily influenced and disrupted when there is drug craving brought by a relapse altering stress physiology. Contet, Kieffer, & Befort (2004) reviewed that on basic research, the Mu receptors when signaled and activated by several drugs of abuse, whether opioid or non-opioid, represents a potential target for therapeutics of