Oxidative Stress: The Ice Man

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1.4.5.2 Oxidative stress
The oxidative stress is essentially an imbalance between the production of free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and nitric oxide, and antioxidant activity. It is evident from studies that oxidative stress induce calcification by modifying the phenotype of VSMC’s from contractile to ostegenic phenotype and induces the expression of bone markers which ultimately results in calcification (Chang et al., 2008).1.5 Vascular calcification is not a new finding
Vascular calcification is not a new observation; it was recognized by computerized tomography (CT) scan in the ‘ice man’ about 5000 year ago. In that “iceman” several calcifications were discovered in areas where arteries were anatomically located. These
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