Pathophysiology: Bite Injuries

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As the primary purposes of teeth and the jaw are the killing of prey, mastication of food, and defense, bite injuries are particularly efficient at causing tissue injury. Most often, victims are directly interacting with their own pet or a dog known to them. The pathophysiology is related to the animal type, specific microorganisms deposited in the wound, and anatomic location. The most common identified bacteria after the animal bites are following: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Moraxella, Corynbacterium, and Neisseria. In addition to that, there are diseases such as rabies, hepatitis B virus from nonhuman primates, and rat bite fever that are transferrable to the humans.
• risk factors age less that 14, pet owners.
Immunocompromised individuals …show more content…
Treatment for a single, uninfected animal bite for a person without penicillin allergy includes the use of beta lactams or cephalosporins for 5-7 days. If a person is allergic to penicillin, the therapy for a single uninfected animal bite includes the use of lincosamides, sulfa drugs, fluoroquinolones, or tetracycline.
In the case of multiple animal bites, a person should be admitted to the hospital where he/she would receive the treatment based on the severity of the injuries. Sometimes the treatment lasts four to six weeks (osteomyelitis).
When there is a high risk for rabies, CDC recommends 4-dose rabies vaccination regimen. Immunocompromised individuals should receive 5-dose rabies vaccination regimen.
Moreover, it is recommended to receive tetanus vaccination as well as TDap.
Law enforcement as well as public health department should be informed about a bite injury.

• priority complications of concern deep anatomic structure
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