Chapters 4 & 10 (31)
Chapter 5 (32)
Interactive periodic table
Why is the Periodic Table important to me?
• The periodic table is the most useful tool to a chemist.
• You get to use it on every test.
• It organizes lots of information about all the known elements.
Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry …
• …was a mess!!!
• No organization of elements. • Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!! • Difficult to find information. • Chemistry didn’t make sense. Alternative periodic tables
Dutch Periodic Table
115
114
113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
Strong, Journal of Chemical Education, Sept. 1989, page 743
116
117
118
Benfey’s Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleev
• Russian
• Invented periodic table
• Organized elements by properties • Arranged elements by atomic mass • Predicted existence of several unknown elements
Dmitri Mendeleev
Modern Periodic Table
• Henry G.J. Moseley
• Determined the atomic numbers of elements from their X-ray spectra
(1914)
• Arranged elements by increasing atomic number
1887 - 1915
The Periodic Table
On your periodic table, draw the “staircase” starting from Boron.
1
1
IA
1
H
1.00797
2
3
Periodic Table
2
IIA
13
IIIA
4
Li
Be
11
12
5
6.939 9.0122
3
Na
Mg
22.9898 24.305
4
19
20
3
IIIB
21
4
IVB
5
VB
22
23
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
37
38
39
40
6
Rb
85.47
55
Cs
Sr
6
VIB
24
7
VIIB
25
8
26
9
VIIIB
27
10
28
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
41
42
43
44
45
46
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
88
89
104
105
106
107
87.62 88.905 91.22 92.906 95.94
56
57
72
73
74
[99]
75
132.905 137.34 138.91 178.49 180.948 183.85 186.2
7
87
Fr
[223]
Ra
[226]
6
15
VA
7
16
VIA
8
17
VIIA
9
B
C
N
O
F
13
14
15
16
17
He
4.0026
10
Ne
10.811 12.0112 14.0067 15.9994 18.9984 20.179
39.102 40.08 44.956 47.90 50.942 51.996 54.9380 55.847 58.9332 58.71
5
14
IVA
18
VIIIA
2
Ac
[227]
Ku
[260]
11
IB
29
Cu
12
IIB
30
Zn
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
18
Ar
26.9815 28.086 30.9738 32.064 35.453 39.948
31
Ga
63.54
65.37
65.37
47
48
49
32
33
34
35
36
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
50
51
52
53
54
72.59 74.9216 78.96 79.909 83.80
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
I
Xe
At
Rn
101.07 102.905 106.4 107.870 112.40 114.82 118.69 121.75 127.60 126.904 131.30
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
190.2
108
192.2 195.09 196.967 200.59 204.37 207.19 208.980 [210]
109
[210]
[222]
http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html
Modern Periodic Law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their physical and chemical properties show a periodic pattern.
Periodic Table: Metallic arrangement
• Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals 1
IA
1
18
VIIIA
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8
9
VIIIB
Metals
10
11
IB
12
IIB
Nonmetals
Metals, Nonmetals, and Semimetals
• Nonmetals (right of “staircase”)
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity
- Not lustrous
- Can be gases, liquids, or solids
- Solid nonmetals are brittle
- Tend to gain electrons in reactions with metals to form negatively charged ions
- Share electrons in reactions with other nonmetals Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.
Metalloids or semi-metals
• The elements that lie close to the “stair-step” line • Examples: Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium.
-Possess some characteristics of metals/some of nonmetals
Groups or families- columns
Elements with similar chemical and physical properties are in the same column
-Groups
Groups/
Families
•
•
•
•
1A – Alkali metals
2A – Alkaline Earth metals
7A – Halogens
8A – Noble gases
Across the Periodic Table
•
Periods: Row across the periodic table
(rows 1-7)
•
These elements’ valence electrons are in the same principal energy levels.
1
IA
1
2
IIA
2nd Period
2
3
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
4
5
6th Period
6
7
13