wilder penfield is popular for his neural stimulation. in the 1930s, with his colleague herbert jasper, he invented the Montreal procedure in which he was able to treat patients with severe epilepsy by destroying nerve cells in the brain where the seizures are originated. when operating on patient’s brain, he stimulated the cerebral cortex with electrical probes and observed the response, because there is no pain receptor in people’s brain so they only did local anaesthesia on the scalp so they were able to ask the patient questions and patients were able to answer to their questions while they were conscious. in doing so, he was able to map the brain showing their connections to the various limbs and organs of the body. what he discovered is a significant legacy to the mankind because the procedure had saved thousands of lives and these maps are still used today and practically unaltered. the brain map created decades ago are shown below. he also acknowledged that the possibility of spiritual part of oneself’s existence after the death of his/her brain. with advanced technology nowadays, we still can’t prove the existence or nonexistence of spirits. based on his suggestion, we might be able to explore the world in other ways and impelled us to new discoveries.
ivan pavlov had done a lot contribution to the academic world, including the subject of the centrifugal nerves of the heart; the digestive glands which he won the nobel prize for; and for phycology, is his famous experiment of conditional reflexes.
Pavlov had learned then when a buzzer was sounded followed with food being presented to the dog, the dog will salivate when the food is presented at the beginning. The dog will later come to relate buzzers with the presentation of the food and salivate upon the presentation of the stimulus which is the sound of the buzzer. It is popularly believed that Pavlov always signaled the occurrence of food by ringing a bell. However, his recorded the use of a wide variety of stimuli, including electric shocks, whistles, metronomes, tuning forks, and a range of visual stimuli, in addition to just the ring of a bell which means the experiments were more accurate. although he kept saying he wasn't a phycologist, but due to his significant contribution to the phycology world, people went against his will and listed him as one of the most important phycologist.
stanley Milgram’s most remarkable experiment in the field of phycology is named after himself, the Milgram experiment, also know as the obedience to authority study. milgram wanted to find out if millions of nazi followers who had done the holocaust were not following their own will but only obeying to the authority. so he set up an experiment which the subject was given orders to give a electrical shock to the learner
