Aristotle created the first system of logic, he was Plato's student, he founded the Lyceum Academy, he believed in one world (not dualistic like Plato), and he believed that substance contained form and matter. Aristotle was a pluralist meaning he saw a substance as haiving a teleological (good-oriented) system. There were four causes: material (what its made from), formal or essence (what it strives to be), effecient (the force that brings change, and final (the ultimate purpose of the object). Nature as a whole is then a teleological system because it is striving toward whatever perfection is possible. He believes that everything is striving toward Good. But perfection must exist as a telos (goal) to strive toward. Again, I think of the belief in Christianity that Christiand should all strive to be like Jesus, who was the "perfect" human (or God on earth). He believes every act has a purpose and we are not just on hamster wheel of life for nothing. We all have a purpose and he believes that purpose is happiness. This reminds me of a story I read about John Lennon. When he was in Kindergarten his teacher asked everyone to write about what they want to be when they grow up. John wrote, "I want to be happy." The teacher told him he misunderstood the question and John replied, "You don't understand life."
Unfortunatley Aristotle believed that happiness could only be achieved only under these conditions: you have good friends, riches, power, good birth, good children, good looks, not be too short and be free from manual labor. Though that all certainly helps, I believe that happiness is a choice. In the movie, Life is Beautiful, the main character is a Jew who is placed into a concentraion camp with his