When it comes to pine trees, Ponderosa is the most spread in North America. It stretches from south of British Colombia to central Mexico, and from central Nebraska to west coast. Occupying 38 million acreages of land across 14 states, (Veblen, Kitzberger & Donnegan, 2008) Ponderosa pine tree is a mountain species of the pine found on western North America’s mountains and rocky places. It is a significant part of the existing forests such as ponderosa pine forest. Ponderosa pine tree occurs as two, the drier forest and the mesophytic forests. The drier forests are composed of ponderosa climax, reproducing successfully in mid to late growth. In mesophytic forests, ponderosa occurs as a seral tree. Its regeneration takes place in the early to…show more content… The pine ponderosa majorly occurs within High Sun Cold and High Sun Mild climates zone (Covington, Fule, Moore, Hart & Wagner, 2017). The average annual temperatures in drier and mesophytic forests range from nine to six degrees centigrade in HSM zones and five to seven degree centigrade in the HSC zones and a mean annual rainfall or precipitation of 520 to 560 mm and 660mm respectively for the climatic zones. It thrives on both acidic and basic soils of pH 5 up to 9, with the capacity to maintain soil water and be well drained. The xerophytic forests (drier) the shift to drought coincides to the period of May and June indicated by broadleaf evergreen vegetation such as Emory, gray, wavy leaf and silver leaf oak undergrowth that becomes…show more content… From a forests perspective, excessive heat may be as deadly as lack of water. As the tree photosynthesizes, it opens up its stomata in a way to capture CO2 in the process. Its water vaporizes to the atmosphere, and when the vaporizing effect is increased too much, it creates a negative pull that pushes water from soils into the leaves. If a tree cannot replenish the water lost to the atmosphere it closes its stoma and shuts down photosynthesize hence it dies (Covington et al.,
