Pre-AP Human Anatomy: Carbohydrates

Words: 767
Pages: 4
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Hannah Lambright
January 2nd 2017
Biology
Pre-AP Writing Assignment #2
Part1.
The human anatomy contains four major biological molecules known as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each of these molecules has a variety of functions to execute inside of the cell.
Carbohydrates: The carbohydrate also known as a saccharide is made up of three elements. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates include starches, cellulose, sugars, and other compounds in organisms. Simple sugars or monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates. If this molecule is within a cell it classifies the cell as organic. Carbohydrates are necessities to live because …show more content…
Proteins are polymers of amino acids. Proteins are found in hair, nails, skin, muscles and enzymes. Proteins transport other molecules, give structural support, fight diseases and regulate cellular processes; however the function of a protein depends on the certain structure, hair, skin and muscle. 20 different amino acids can link in an enormous variety of combinations. Lipids: The lipid stores energy for a long amount of time, makes up cell membrane, and insulates and cushions body. They are found in fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Lipids are hydrophobic or insoluble in water but are nonpolar molecules. Triglyceride=glycerol+3 fatty acids. Lipids contain carboxylic acids and are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Nucleic Acids: Nucleic acids are instructions for making proteins and transmitting hereditary information. The polymer is DNA and RNA. DNA stores the genetic information and the RNA transmits it. The monomer is a nucleotide. The structure has a base, phosphate group and …show more content…
The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose and the sugar in RNA is ribose. DNA is made up of nucleotides which are made up of a sugar group, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. There are four kinds of nitrogen bases called (a) adenine, (t) thymine, (g) guanine, and (c) cytosine. RNA is almost identical to DNA but instead of having a thymine base it’s a (u) uracil base. The sequences of the bases determine the genes that are made from it. In DNA, a and t pair together and g and c pair together. It’s the same for RNA but a and u pair together and there is no t. The backbone of DNA is two strands made up of sugar and phosphate with the layout of a double helix that connects at the end by the bases. The covalent bonds are located on the backbone, holding nucleotides together in between the phosphor and sugar groups, and the hydrogen bonds are in the helix of the DNA connecting the
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