Prokaryotes Vs Archaea

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INTRODUCTION
Since the beginning of life on Earth, one of the most difficult hurdles to overcome, arguably the most difficult, is reproduction. Many kingdoms of phylum have solved this problem in many different ways. From producing eggs to removing a fragment of themselves and having a second animal grow from the fragment, life has found a multitude of ways to reproduce.
PROKARYOTES & ARCHAEA Prokaryotes are considered the first simple lifeforms, and during the Archaean eon, consisting of a naked loop of DNA or RNA and could hold genetic information and a catalytic converter. Prokaryotes are divided into two main categories, bacteria and archaea. Archaea have many similarities to both bacteria and eukaryotes. There is evidence to support …show more content…
They are not prokaryotes as they have no nucleus, nor are they animals, since they lack blastula. Protists are neither fungi or plants because they lack an embryo stage and chitin. Protists are classified as a non-monophyletic group, which is to say the group have did not descend from a common ancestor (Vidyasagar, …show more content…
There are two main types of fission, which are usually accompanied by a mitosis. The first type is binary fission, a process where the parent cell divides into two equal-sized individuals. The second type is multiple fission, which produces several offspring (Unicellular Eukaryotes: Chapter 11, 2016).
However protists can also reproduce sexually. This is done through meiosis, where the number of chromosomes is reduced from diploid to haploid. The fusion of two haploid cells forms a fertilised egg. Meiosis is essential to reproduction as it keeps the chromosome number constant and allows for diversification within a species (Manisha, 2016).
There are two types of sexual reproduction within protists. One type is syngamy, the complete fusion of two gametes to create a diploid zygote. There are three types of syngamy. Isogamy, the two fused gametes are similar. Anisogamy, the fusing gametes are not similar, and oogamy, where a large, non-motile gamete is fertilised by a smaller, motile gamete. The second type of sexual reproduction in protists is called conjugation, which is a temporary fusion of gametes to exchange their haploid pronuclear to form a zygote nucleus. Each individual zygote produces a daughter by binary fission (Manisha, 2016).
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