Prostate Cancer in African American Men
Lorie A. Hodo-Locke
N440
04/21/2014
Deanna Radford, MSN, RN, CNE
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PROSTATE CANCER IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN
Prostate Cancer in African American Men
In this presentation I will discuss Prostate Cancer in African American men and the
the higher incidence of occurrence more aggressively in this vulnerable group than
Non- Hispanic whites in America. I will discuss how biological, socioeconomic and
screening factors may be to blame in this population.
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PROSTATE CANCER IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN
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According to Cleveland Clinic in the Journal of Medicine, “Prostate cancer is the most
common cancer affecting American men.
Around 2010, there was an estimated
217, 730 men who were diagnosed with and 32, 050 died of it.
African American are still disproportionately affected with
a prostate cancer incidence two- thirds higher than whites and a mortality rate
Owing to such disparities, the life expectancy of African Americans is
several years shorter than that of non – Hispanic whites” (Wu, 2012).
Prostate Cancer is expected to be one of the four most common cancers diagnosed
among African American Men and woman (breast, colorectal and lung as the other 3).
Cancer is defined by the American Cancer Society as a group of diseases characterized
by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells, if the spread is not controlled
PROSTATE CANCER IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN
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death may result.
CANCER
African
White Rate
Difference
Rate Ratio
21.7
31.4
2.44
American Rate
Prostate
53.1
This table shows a comparison of Cancer Deaths Rates between African Americans/Whites in
The US, 2005-2009.
An estimated 35, 430 cases of prostate cancer are expected to be newly diagnosed among
African American men in 2013, accounting for 37% of all cancers diagnosed in this group. 1 in
5 will be diagnosed in a lifetime. It is the second leading cause of death in African American
Men with an estimate of 4,980 deaths from it in 2013, according to the American Cancer
Society.
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A family history, ethnic origin and age are probably the greatest risk factors as predisposition
to Prostate Cancer.
There has been a link between sugar derived metabolites and cancer.
According to Professor D. Turner, assistant professor at the Medical University of South
Carolina, a common source of the AGEs that accumulate in our tissue as we get older.
They have been linked to diseases associated with aging such as diabetes, heart disease, and
Alzheimer’s disease. They cause increased inflammation and produce harmful chemicals
Known
as reaction oxygen species, which both promote cancer. AGE levels are found to be
higher in African American men with Prostate Cancer due to poor eating habits, obesity,
and sedentary lifestyles.
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Attempts to classify prostate cancer into separate groups of cancer, with different tumors
expressing different malignant potential and ultimately carrying a different prognosis.
Prostate cancer is staged as follows:
Stage A: The tumor is microscopic and intracapsular.
Stage B: The tumor is palpable on rectal examination but confined to the prostate.
Stage C: The tumor has extended beyond the capsule of the prostate.
Stage D: The tumor has metasized to distant organs.
It is
diagnosed by detection on a rectal examination, microscopic inspection of the prostate
tissue removed for the management of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia), and blood test serum prostate-specific antigen and trans rectal ultrasonography.
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Demographics in the African American culture based on census in 2010, we are the second largest group of minorities in the United States. Black men earned at least a high school diploma
(82 percent and 91 percent) than that of white non-Hispanic men in the U.S. The average
African