Protein and Proteins Amino Acids Essay

Submitted By Rachael-Kerr
Words: 715
Pages: 3
Open Document
2.4 - Proteins
Amino Acids are linked together by condensation to form polypeptides.
➧Polypeptides are made by linking amino acids together through condensation reactions producing water.
➧The bonds between different amino acids are peptide bonds. Some are made with a single polypeptide, and some are made with multiple.

Skill: Drawing molecular diagrams to show the formation of peptide bonds.

There are twenty different Amino Acids in polypeptides synthesized on ribosomes.
➧There are twenty different amino acids that are made in the ribosomes to make polypeptides.
➧These twenty different amino acids have different R-Groups. The R-Groups are what makes the amino acids different from one another.

Looking for patterns, trends, and discrepancies - most but not all organisms assemble the same proteins from the same amino acids.
➧Most organisms use the same twenty amino acids to make proteins.
➧Several hypotheses have been proposed on why this is the case:
1. These are the twenty amino acids that were available to be used.
2. They are the best twenty, so they were chosen through natural selection.
3. Life has developed from a common ancestor that used those twenty amino acids.

Amino acids can be linked together in any sequence, giving a huge range of possible polypeptides.
➧Since any of the twenty amino acids can be linked together to make a polypeptide, it allows any sequence to be created.

The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is coded for by genes.
➧ All of the information for the thousands of different polypeptides must be present in the genes of the organism. The role of most genes is to store the amino acid sequences for polypeptides.
➧Each three bases of a gene make a codon which codes for an amino acid. There are some genes that do not do this.

A protein may consist of a single polypeptide or more than one polypeptide linked together.
➧Some examples: lysozyme has one polypeptide, integrin has two, collagen has three, and hemoglobin has four.
➧Some proteins need the multiple parts and some do not.

The amino acid sequence determines the three dimensional conformation of a protein.

Fibrous
Globular
Examples
Collagen
Lysozyme
Shape
Elongated with repeated structures
Glob. Literally. It’s a glob. It’s that simple.
Properties
The amino acid sequence prevents folding.
Folds which are stabilized by bonds between the R-Groups.

Application: Denaturation of proteins by heat or by deviation of pH from the optimum.
➧The three-dimensional structure of proteins is held together by weak bonds and interactions between the R-Groups that can be disrupted or broken.
➧ Denaturation is when this three-dimensional structure is disrupted. This is hormonally permanent.
➧Heat can cause denaturation because the vibrations break the bonds.
➧Extreme high or low pH can also denature a protein.

Living organism synthesize many different proteins with a wide range of
Show More

Related Documents: Protein and Proteins Amino Acids Essay

Essay on Protein: Amino Acid and Protein

| Protein | | | LaTisha M. Green | SCI/241Garon Bodor12/07/2012 | | In this paper we are going to be discussing protein. We will look at protein and the importance of it for our body. We will look at the good and the bad of what protein can do for the body. Protein is a very important nutrient for the body and we will see what and why it is important. Protein and Types Protein is the primary component of a number of our body tissues. It is a part of every…

Words 580 - Pages 3

Essay on Protein and Amino Acid

CH 273 Exam 3 Study Guide/Annotated chapter list Ch 22: Section 22.1 (tRNA aminoacylation): isoacceptor tRNA: tRNAs that bear the same amino acid but have different anticodons Many tRNA bases pair intramolecularly gnereating short stems and loops of what is commonly called a cloverleaf secondary structure Acceptor system—segement at the 5’ end of the tRNA pairs with the bases near 3’ D loop- often contains the modified base dihydrouridine Variable loop—ranges from 3-21 nucleotides in…

Words 3464 - Pages 14

Essay on Enrichment: Protein and Amino Acids

level. 6. 1. Proteins = monomers (building blocks) are amino acids and proteins are used for various reasons in cell such as structure, defense, modification. An example of a protein is hemoglobin that red blood cells used to carry oxygen. 2. Carbohydrates = monomers (building blocks) are monosaccarides with the general formula of CH20. Carbohydrates can be used for storage or energy or even for structure, such as the cellulose that makes up the plant cell wall. 3. Nucleic Acids = RNA and DNA…

Words 777 - Pages 4

Biology: Protein and Amino Acids Essay

Proteins and their functions Proteins, they are vital to human life, approximately 18% of the body is composed of them (Fullick, 1994). They have many functions of which two and their structure will be discussed during this essay. Proteins are made from amino acids which are considered the ‘building blocks’ of life. Below is an example (Figure one) of an amino acid, adapted from Boyle and Senior (Human biology, 2008, p.46). Figure 1. Structure of amino acid…

Words 2532 - Pages 11

Proteins: Dna and Amino Acids Essay

Proteins Proteins are a class of organic compounds which are present in and vital to every living cell. In the form of skin, hair, callus, cartilage, muscles, tendons and ligaments, proteins hold together, protect, and provide structure to the body of a multi-celled organism. In the form of enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and globulins, they catalyze, regulate, and protect the body chemistry. In the form of hemoglobin, myoglobin and various lipoproteins, they effect the transport of oxygen and other…

Words 1977 - Pages 8

Biomolecules: Protein and Amino Acids Essay

1 AGENDA o √ THE ATOM o √ THE PERIODIC TABLE √ BIOMOLECULES: o √o PROTEINS o√CARBOHYDRATES o√LIPIDS o√ASSIGNMENT 2 THE ATOM (OR ELEMENT) • GREEK FOR UN-DIVISIBLE • SMALLEST UNIT OF AN ELEMENT THAT MAINTAINS ITS IDENTITY OF THE ELEMENT • ATOMS CAN BE CUT FURTHER, BUT THE LOSE THEIR PREVIOUS IDENTITY • ATOMS CAN BE COMBINED IN MANY WAYS 3 4 ORGANIC MOLECULES • COMPOUNDS CONTAINING CARBON, FOUND IN LIVING MATTER • FORMED FROM FEW ELEMENTS • CARBON (C), HYDROGEN (H), OXYGEN (O) AND NITROGEN…

Words 617 - Pages 3

Biochem: Protein and Amino Acids Essay examples

chemical elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (HONC) State that a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms, including sulfur, calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium. * Sulfur: * found in some amino acids * some bacteria use it to make food * calcium: * bone strength * helps enzymes work * phosphorus: * helps supply and release energy from ATP * also part of DNA * iron: * needed for production of hemoglobin…

Words 1722 - Pages 7

Essay On Importance Of Protein

The word 'protein' was oined by Jon's Jacob Berzelius in 1838. For the previous 150 years, however there had been the concept of an ' animal substance' slight variants of which were thought to make up muscles, skin and blood. Proteins are essential for the human body. There is no life without protein. The efficiency or degree to which dietary proteins can be used for building parts of the human body is determined principally by the type and relative amounts of the Amino acid present in the particular…

Words 1109 - Pages 5

Protein Structure

Proteins are reasonably large macromolecules comprised of one or more long amino acid chains. They are in every living organism and play a vital role in almost every biological process. They are involved in responding to stimuli, DNA replication, the transportation of molecules to another location, and they act as catalysts for metabolic reactions. In relation to protein structure it is much more complex than when we talk about the structure of smaller molecules because proteins have four different…

Words 1018 - Pages 5

Amino Acids Essay

Protein Structure “Proteins are polymers of amino acid covalently linked through peptide bonds into a chain. Within and outside cells, proteins serve a myriad of functions, including structural roles (cytoskeleton), as catalysts (enzymes), transporter to ferry ions and molecules across membranes, and hormones.” (http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/genetics/biotech/basics/prostruct.html) Proteins are polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. There are 20 different…

Words 505 - Pages 3