Psychological Perspectives Paper

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Psychological Perspectives
There are three sociologist that have influenced and contributed to our modern understanding of self-development in many ways. Sigmund Freud _______. Erik Erikson shoe
Sigmund Freud. One of the most influential sociologists is Sigmund Freud. He opened up many minds to find the meaning of self-development. He thought that personality and sexual development are very closely linked to one another. Personality wise, he introduced three terms Id, Ego, and Superego (Boundless, 2016). This theory is called Freud’s structural theory of personality. Id, considered the most primitive of the three structures, deals with instant satisfaction of basic physical necessities. Id is completely unconscious and if the needs are not …show more content…
Following Freud’s work, Erik Erikson not only expanded Freud’s theories, he also expanded and added to them. He chose to emphasize that ego can make a constructive impact by conquering attitudes, ideas, and skills of each developmental stage. The success through each stage would help children grow into great contributors and successful members of society. In Erikson’s eight stages, there is something to overcome (Boundless, 2016). The first stage is Trust versus Mistrust. From birth a person must learn trust because they depend on their caregiver. If a child is cared for with a lot of care, the child thinks the world is not a scary place. With that said, if an infant does not get the care they want or need, the world around them is cruel and harsh in their eyes. Trust is never developed fully because throughout life situations are not always forgiving warping an individual’s sense of trust. The second stage is Autonomy versus Shame or Doubt. This stage applies to toddlers (1-3 years of age) who are exploring the world and are very curious to the world around them. In this stage they realize that they can control their own actions to get the results that they want. Also, in this stage the toddler becomes independent. If a toddler is denied to act on their own accord, self-esteem issues may occur. The third stage is Initiative versus Guilt. Usually around the ages of 3-6 they begin to get more comfortable with themselves and act independent. Not only that, but …show more content…
Moral development is very crucial to socialization and knowing what is “good and what is “bad can make a society function smoothly instead of roughly (Openstax 2012). The first level of Kohlberg’s stages is the preconvention stage. This is where kids who don’t have a lot of cognitive skills see and feel the world around them using only their senses. The second stage is called Conventional. This is where an individual can see themselves in the perspective of another’s. This is also the stage where peer pressure and expectations are used to make decisions. The last level is called the post conventional stage. This stage is where morality is put into theoretical terms. Sometimes morality does not match up with some elements of
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