Psychology Study Guide Exam 1 Essay

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Chapter 2: Critical Thinking and Research Methods (DON’T WORRY ABOUT STATISTICS) pp 46-53
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Section #1 1. ------------------------------------------------- What are all of the principles of critical thinking? Write an acronym to help you remember these principles.
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Section #2 2. ------------------------------------------------- What is the definition of the scientific method? 3. ------------------------------------------------- Name two types of sampling and define them. (How will you remember the difference?) 4. ------------------------------------------------- How do psychologists use samples to properly represent populations? 5. ------------------------------------------------- Define case study. How can this type of study be helpful in psychology? 6. ------------------------------------------------- Define survey. What are a few sources of incorrect findings from surveys? 7. ------------------------------------------------- Jane Goodall uses what type of observation for her research? 8. ------------------------------------------------- How can we see inside the brain? Describe each type of brain imaging technique. Tell Phineas Gage’s story.
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9. ------------------------------------------------- Describe the correlational method using all associated vocabulary words.
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(If you get confused about what a positive correlation looks like when compared to a negative, a memory trick could be: when being lifted up a hill to ski down, you’re gaining altitude to get to the top and gaining means adding meaning positive. When you ski down, you lose altitude meaning negative.)
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10. ------------------------------------------------- The most positive correlation is represented by the number _____ 11. ------------------------------------------------- The most negative correlation is represented by the number _____ 12. ------------------------------------------------- +6.0 is more/less powerful in positivity/negativity to +2.0. (circle)
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------------------------------------------------- Which correlation would you expect to find in each of the following situations:
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13. ------------------------------------------------- Church attendees and crime rate pos/neg 14. ------------------------------------------------- Education level (in years) and teenage pregnancy rates pos/neg
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15. ------------------------------------------------- What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable? 16. ------------------------------------------------- A control group is the group in an experiment that does/does not receive treatment. (circle) 17. ------------------------------------------------- How does a blind experiment differ from a double blind? 18. ------------------------------------------------- Discuss the experiment with “social drinkers” which experimented on vodka versus tonic water. (Lang, 1975) 19. ------------------------------------------------- Name an experiment you cannot run and discuss why. For example, the consumption of MDMA on maternal efficacy beliefs. We can’t purposefully give that drug to a mother and test how she feels about her parenting style, but why?
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