Essay on Revision: Population and Birth Rate

Case Study
Explain the human and physical factors that influence China’s population distribution * One human factor is industry so there are lots of jobs, for example Shanghai. This means that more people will live there. * Another human factor is good communication links, for example Beijing. This would have led to many people going there due to the high- speed rail link. This has increased tourism so many people have businesses and jobs. * One physical factor is that there many rivers for example River Yangtze. This would have been used in transport. This means more people would live along the river. * Another physical factor is relief, for example Atai Mountains. This would have meant it was hard to build settlements. This means that few people would live in the mountains.
Explain the human factors and physical factors that influence the UK’s population distribution * One human factor is employment, for example in London. This is because there is modern industry and financial centres so there are lots of jobs which attract workers. * Another human factor is transport and trade provided by ports, for example Newcastle. This would mean there would be job available. * One physical factor is the availability of natural resources such as coal and oil, for example in South Wales. This would have created many jobs. This means more people will live there. * Another physical factor is high relief, for example the Highlands of Scotland. This would have meant that the climate is cold and it is hard to build settlements. This means there are few people live there.
Explain the incentives and disincentives used by a country trying to decrease its birth rate * One incentive is that families who have one child would receive better child care, the best education and better housing. This means that the family have a better standard of living. Therefore the birth rate decreases and population decrease. * One disincentive is families who have more than one child could be fined up to $12,000, or could have their land taken away from them. Most families can’t afford this so they tend to have one child. Therefore the birth rate decreases and the population decreases. * Another disincentive is women who get pregnant for the second time were forced to have an abortion. This is very distressing for families so people followed the rule. Therefore the birth rate decrease and the population decreases.

Explain the methods used by a country to try increase its birth rate * One economic incentive was couple would be paid $3000 cash for their first and second child and $6000 cash for their third and fourth child. This encouraged more people to have more children because it would improve their standard of living. Therefore the birth rate would increase and the population increases. * Another incentive is that families with more children would be upgraded to a larger flat more than 3 rooms. Therefore the birth rate will increase and the population increases. * One disincentive was couples with no children were not entitled to buy anything more than 3 rooms. Therefore the birth rate increases and the population increases.
Explain the positive and negative impacts of an ageing population for a named country * One negative impact is that there will be overcrowding in nursing homes because there are more elderly people and they are living longer. It will cost £2000 a month to stay in a care home. * Another negative impact is that of the government is spending £2.2 billion on caring for the elderly there will be a lack of investment in other services such as education. * One positive impact is that the elderly will often offer their time to volunteer in charity shops. This means that charity is helped. * Another positive impact is that technology is advancing for the elderly, for example the Stannah stair lift company which has 5 designs of chair. This means that the elderly will

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