While it is very effective at convincing the reader, it is also shows the bias of the author to an educated reader early on. Through the use of this apparent strategy, she runs the risk of alienating this educated group through easily noticing her bias. Cullington does not run into this issue, since the audience of this article is directed to younger, less educated students such as high schoolers. Due to the younger age and lower level of education, the risk of readers realizing this bias is low. This strategy works extremely effective for Cullington, but would not work well for a more educated audience such as Brooke Gladstone’s in The Influencing