He demonstrates, at least, the desire to understand the needs of his staff and will sometimes leverage those desires as a proverbial carrot to see to it that the unit standards are being met. However, due to his inexperience in management and only having worked as a case manager for 15 years, he sometimes will demonstrate qualities of a non-leader and will avoid decision-making all together. Other times, he relies more on negative reinforcement such as recording small administrative errors or unimportant breaches in policy in an in-house system called MAP that allows human resources and management to review employee files from anywhere in the state (Daft,