S. Aureus Case Studies

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Summary
S. aureus is a Gram-positive, cocci that tends to appear in clusters. It produces the enzyme coagulase, which aids in its identification.
Different strains are able to produce different virulence factors. They include protein A, α-toxin, exfoliatin, and pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs).
Protein A, a protein embedded in it the bacterial wall, helps prevent phagocytosis by binding to a specific receptor on immunoglobulin G and preventing opsonization.
A-toxin causes transmembrane pores to form that lead to cellular death.
Exfoliatin is responsible for Scalded Skin Syndrome. It works by splitting the intracellular junctions within the epidermis, causing the cells to separate and the skin to take on a blistered, peeling appearance.
PTSAgs act in a number of ways. Some are enterotoxins that …show more content…
aureus is a common part of the body's normal flora. They can be found in the anterior nares and on the peritoneum of many individuals. It gains access to the body through minor trauma.
S. aureus has the ability to survive drying for specific periods of time and can be spread as fomites.
Manifestations
Manifestations of S. aureus infection vary depending on the site of infection. Cutaneous infections lead to the formation of boils and lesions. Small boils typically resolve on their own. More serious lesions can allow the infection to enter the bloodstream and cause bacteremia.
S. aureus can act as a secondary infection to Streptococcus and cause impetigo. Symptoms of impetigo include patches of small blisters.
Diseases caused by the release of toxins include scalded skin syndrome, food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome (TSS).
The primary symptom of scalded skin syndrome is red, peeling skin. It is most commonly seen in infants, children, and those who are immunocompromised.
TSS results in fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle pain. If left untreated it can progress to systemic shock accompanied by renal and hepatic

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