His bow, arrows, quiver and sword were placed in his coffin by order of the Emperor. According to the Shoku Nihongi, an official historical record, The Sakanoue clan is descended from Emperor Ling of Han China, and Sakaue clan's family tree shows that Tamuramaro is a 14th-generation descendent of Ling. Other research traces the origins of the Sakanoue clan from the Asian mainland, possibly through Baekje. An alternative claim, widely popular among Afrocentrists, comes from an April 1911 issue of Journal of Race Development, in an essay entitled "The Contribution of the Negro to Human Civilization", in which anthropologist Alexander Francis Chamberlain makes a statement that "And we can cross the whole of Asia and find the Negro again, for when, in far-off Japan, the ancestors of the modern Japanese were making their way northward against the Ainu, the aborigines of that country, the leader of their armies was Sakanouye Tamuramaro, a famous general and a